As the largest closed lake in the world, the Caspian Sea has always played an important role for coastal countries, especially the Islamic Republic of Iran and Russia. Although this great water source was neglected at some point, this region is currently struggling with a new situation, including the renaissance of Russia, powerful Iran, ambitious Azerbaijan, growing China, and the rise of Islamic extremism. This is while in the third millennium, due to the discovery of huge oil and gas resources, this region has gained a more prominent position for the coastal countries and in the energy supply process of Europe and Turkey.